A commercial property policy with basic causes of loss excludes which of the following acts of vandalism?

In the context of a commercial property policy with basic causes of loss, it's important to understand that these policies generally provide limited coverage for vandalism. The exclusions within these types of policies typically include acts that result in more severe damage or are not considered to fall under standard vandalism.

The theft of property is not typically classified under vandalism, and instead, it usually falls under a separate coverage portion related to theft. This highlights that while vandalism, such as spray painting, may be covered, more serious offenses leading to a substantial loss or crime may not be included.

Fire-related incidents, particularly those caused by arson, represent another category where basic causes of loss policies may not provide coverage. Arson is often treated as a criminal act rather than mere vandalism, therefore excluded from the basic coverage.

Overall, when understanding these policy exclusions, it becomes clear that acts of vandalism such as minor defacement may be included, while the more serious acts like theft and arson are explicitly excluded, aligning with the rationale of not covering more severe or criminal acts under the basic vandalism protections.